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Patient Education

The Cervical Spine & Its Problems

The cervical spine is comprised of the first seven vertebrae (bones) immediately under the base of the head. The vertebrae are the structural components or “building blocks” of the cervical spine. These vertebrae are separated by elastic, shock-absorbing discs. The spinal cord runs through a large central opening (spinal canal) formed by the vertebrae. Nerves branching from the spinal cord exit the spinal canal through small holes (foramen) directly adjacent to the discs and travel to your arms and other parts of your body.


The discs in your neck are made up of a tough outer “annulus” and a gelatinous “nucleus”. In many ways the structure of a disc may resemble the structure of a “jelly roll”. The nucleus is the well-hydrated, jelly-like, inner portion of the disc, which does the majority of the shock absorbing and is contained by the surrounding annulus (the bread portion of the jelly roll). As you age, the nucleus tends to lose water and the annulus may develop cracks. This process, as we will see, may cause problems as one gets older.

As you grow older the discs in your neck (and in your low back) slowly begin to wear out. This is typically a slow, gradual process that begins at a young age and progresses throughout your lifetime. It is important to understand that this process is not a disease or a disorder, but should be thought of as a “function of use” much like shock absorbers on a car become less shock absorbent as more miles are put on the car. Though this process occurs to everybody, it occurs at different rates in different people. Perhaps the most important factor influencing the rate of disc degeneration is genetics. However, other factors such as smoking history, trauma, work history and exposure to repetitive vibrational stresses (driving a truck, operating a jackhammer) may also play a significant role in accelerating this process.

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The Lumbar Spine & Its Problems

The Cervical Spine & Its Problems


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